Jurnal Pendidikan Terapan

Generative AI Use, Self-Regulated Learning, and Critical Thinking in EFL Writing: A Correlational Survey of Indonesian University Students

2026-07-24T03:13:21+00:00

Purpose: This study aims to examine Indonesian university students’ patterns of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) use, critical thinking practices, self-regulated learning (SRL) behaviours, perceived benefits and challenges, and the relationships between GenAI use, SRL, and critical thinking in EFL writing. Methods: This study employed a quantitative descriptive-correlational survey design with a cross-sectional approach. Data were collected through an online questionnaire completed by 208 students enrolled in EFL-related programs at several Indonesian universities. The data were analysed using frequency distributions, percentages, means, standard deviations, the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, and Spearman’s correlation to describe patterns of GenAI use and examine relationships among the variables. Findings: Nearly all respondents 99.0% of respondents had used GenAI for EFL writing assignments. ChatGPT was the most frequently used tool (75.0%), and planning was the writing stage in which GenAI was most commonly used (46.6%). Students reported high levels of critical thinking practices (M = 4.30, SD = 0.34) and SRL behaviours (M = 4.22, SD = 0.34). They also reported a high perceived risk of over-reliance on GenAI (M = 3.90, SD = 0.73). The frequency of GenAI use was not significantly associated with critical thinking practices (ρ = 0.033; p = 0.638). By contrast, SRL behaviours in GenAI use were positively and significantly associated with critical thinking practices (ρ = 0.449; p < 0.001). Research Implications: These findings indicate that EFL writing instruction should not focus solely on whether to allow or restrict the use of GenAI. Lecturers need to guide students in planning their use of AI, formulating purposeful prompts, verifying AI-generated information, revising outputs through their own reasoning, and maintaining academic integrity. Process-based writing instruction and reflective assessment are therefore needed to support responsible, meaningful, and self-regulated use of GenAI. Originality: This study integrates patterns of GenAI use, critical thinking, SRL, and perceived benefits and hazards into a single analytical model in the context of Indonesian EFL higher education. Also, the results demonstrate that the quality of self-regulated use is more important than the intensity of use with respect to critical thinking.

Effects of an OBE-Based Semester Learning Plan on Student Competencies and Learning Outcomes: A Quasi Experimental Study in an Learning Strategies Course

2026-08-03T16:12:48+00:00

This study investigated the effectiveness of implementing an Outcome-Based Education (OBE)-based Semester Learning Plan (RPS) compared to a conventional RPS on student learning process indicators, competencies, and learning outcomes in the Learning Strategies course. Utilizing a quantitative quasi-experimental pre-test–post-test control group design, the study involved a total of N=60 undergraduate students in the Department of Economics Education, divided equally into an experimental group (n=30) and a control group (n=30) taught by the same lecturer over a 16-week intervention. Data were collected using validated cognitive achievement tests (0–100 scale), multi-item 5-point Likert questionnaires, and structured observation rubrics. Scores for participation, competency development, and authentic assessment were quantified as standardized percentages representing the ratio of achieved raw scores to maximum possible scores. To control for baseline differences, Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was performed. The results revealed that the experimental group achieved significantly higher adjusted post-test learning outcomes compared to the control group (F(1,57)=128.45,p<0.001,η_p^2=0.691). Furthermore, independent samples t-tests indicated statistically significant superiority in the experimental group across student participation (X ̅=95.83% vs. 67.24%, t(58)=-23.15,p<0.001,d=5.98), competency development (X ̅=93.20% vs. 71.90%, t(58)=-15.82,p<0.001,d=4.09), and authentic assessment (X ̅=88.90% vs. 61.15%, t(58)=-17.31,p<0.001,d=4.47). While the findings indicate that structured OBE-based instructional planning is associated with improved student engagement and skill mastery within the evaluated course, generalizability is limited by the sample size and quasi-experimental design.

Internalization of the Fourth Principle of Pancasila Values in Developing the Character among Civic Education Students at Muhammadiyah University of Bengkulu

2026-08-05T12:15:40+00:00

This study aimed to describe the process of internalizing the values of the fourth principle of Pancasila in developing the character of students in Civic Education Study Program at Muhammadiyah University of Bengkulu. This study employed a qualitative approach using a descriptive method. The research involved 16 informants, comprising 8 lecturers and 8 students selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis was conducted using the Miles and Huberman interactive model, which encompasses data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The research findings indicate that the internalization of the values of the fourth principle of Pancasila is carried out through stages of value transformation, value transaction, and trans-internalization, all integrated into the learning process and academic interactions. This process contributes to the development of student character fostering democratic attitudes, a sense of responsibility, the ability to engage in deliberation, respect for differing opinions, wisdom in decision-making, and a commitment to the common good. Inhibiting factors include low self-confidence, a lack of readiness for learning activities, and the limited participation of some students in academic activities. These findings have implications for higher education institutions particularly lecturers in the Civic Education Study Program regarding the development of participatory learning strategies and the creation of an academic environment that supports the reinforcement of democratic values, the practice of deliberation, and character building based on the values of the fourth principle of Pancasila.