Quantitative Study: Understanding Identity in Christ (Galatians 3:26–28) and Self-Confidence among Late Adolescents

Authors

  • Hasanuddin Manurung Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Kupang, Indonesia
  • Devrialdo Daniel Paat Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Kupang, Indonesia
  • Cornalia Chatryn Kase Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Kupang, Indonesia
  • Putri Hado Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Kupang, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61255/jupiter.v4i2.1124

Keywords:

Children of God, Galatians 3:26–28, Identity in Christ, Late Adolescents, Self-Confidence

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the relationship between the understanding of identity in Christ based on Galatians 3:26–28 and self-confidence among late adolescents studying Christian Religious Education at State Christian Religious Higher Education Institutions in Indonesia. Methods: This study employed a quantitative approach using a correlational survey method. The sample consisted of 150 students aged 18–21 years, selected through stratified random sampling from five State Christian Religious Higher Education Institutions. Data were collected using Likert-scale questionnaires measuring students’ understanding of identity in Christ and self-confidence. The instruments were tested for validity and reliability before the main data collection. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson Product-Moment correlation with SPSS version 26. Findings: The results show that students’ understanding of identity in Christ was in the good category, with an actual score percentage of 78.28%. Their self-confidence was also in the good category, with a percentage of 79.94%. Correlation analysis revealed a strong and significant positive relationship between understanding identity in Christ and self-confidence, with r = 0.682 and p = 0.000. The coefficient of determination of 46.5% indicates that spiritual identity makes a substantial contribution to students’ self-confidence.

Research Implications: The findings imply that strengthening students’ understanding of identity in Christ can support self-concept, emotional stability, and psychological resilience among late adolescents. Originality: This study contributes by integrating the theological concept of identity in Christ with the psychological construct of self-confidence in the context of Christian higher education in Indonesia.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abosede, A. (2025). Digital identity crisis among adolescents: A mixed-methods exploration of online self-presentation and identity confusion. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.19754.68808

Adan, M. Y. (2025). The role of peace education in promoting social justice and sustainable peace in post-conflict societies: A 4Rs framework analysis. Journal of Peace Education, 7, 1650027.

Afiani, A. N., Maretha, L. R., Jusuf, D. M., Arum, M. N., Nataniela, T. D., & Romadon, B. (2026). Penerapan analisis korelasi dalam memprediksi hubungan durasi belajar harian dengan nilai ulangan matematika siswa kelas XI LPKC A. Jurnal Ilmiah Research Student, 3(1), 851–862. https://doi.org/10.61722/jirs.v3i1.9578

Alhouti, S., Bao, Y., & Zhang, S. (2025). Brand inclusivity in religion-based marketing: Roles of religiosity and diversity appreciation. Journal of Product & Brand Management. https://www.emerald.com/jpbm/article/doi/10.1108/JPBM-06-2024-5279/1271134

Antoro, B. (2025). Kesalahan sistematis penggunaan skala Likert dalam penelitian: Analisis systematic literature review. Jurnal Multidisiplin Sosial dan Humaniora, 2(2), 63–81. https://doi.org/10.70585/jmsh.v2i2.163

Ariawan, A. R. T. (2025). Tingkat survei sikap kepercayaan diri terhadap siswa yang mengikuti ekstrakurikuler di SMK Indobaruna. Jurnal Prestasi Olahraga, 8(4), 1159–1171.

Barus, B., & Febiola, M. (2024). Hubungan perilaku konformitas teman sebaya dengan kepercayaan diri remaja di Gereja GBKP Rg. Simpang Selayang. Universitas Medan Area Repository. https://repositori.uma.ac.id/handle/123456789/25717

Donison, J. M. (2024). More than a monolith: Podcasting authentic self-concepts and cultural expressions in Canada [Master’s thesis, York University]. YorkSpace Repository. https://yorkspace.library.yorku.ca/items/f549fbab-1ae3-4e28-95b2-40fb9612e233

Farida, M. C., & Christy, A. (2023). Pentingnya landasan keluarga Kristen berdasarkan Perjanjian Baru dalam membentuk kecerdasan spiritual remaja Kristen. Inculco Journal of Christian Education, 3(3), 285–300. https://doi.org/10.59404/ijce.v3i3.168

Febriansyah, R., Karmilah, & Hariry, S. (2025). Peran agama dalam pembentukan identitas diri remaja Muslim: Tinjauan psikologi agama. JIMU: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisipliner, 3(3), 1631–1641.

Hia, M. N., & Silaen, R. T. (2022). Makna tidak ada perbedaan antara laki-laki dan perempuan berdasarkan Galatia 3:28 dan implikasinya bagi kesetaraan gender. Jurnal Teologi Cultivation, 6(2), 191–209. https://doi.org/10.46965/jtc.v6i2.2254

Hurley, Z., & Elyas, T. (2024). Soundscapes of the Adhan, the Islamic call-to-prayer: A semiotic more-than-digital analysis. Postdigital Science and Education, 6(3), 821–843. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42438-024-00479-z

Ishari, N. (2025). Spiritual personal branding: Integrasi nilai transenden dalam konstruksi identitas di era digital. Journal of Islamic Insights, 1(1), 21–30.

Kobak, H., Widia, D., & Nunung, D. S. (2025). Menyatu dalam Kristus: Menemukan kebenaran dan kedamaian melalui Kolose 3:11 dalam menanggapi diskriminasi kulit hitam di Papua. Cendekia: Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengkajian Ilmiah, 2(8), 1402–1416. https://doi.org/10.62335/cendekia.v2i8.1572

Li, Y., Guo, L., Yang, G., & Wu, Y. (2025). Effects of self-acceptance on prosocial behavior: The mediating role of self-esteem. Frontiers in Psychology, 16, Article 1643464. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1643464

Megantari, K., Nugroho, H., & Arymami, D. (2025). Revealing the Indonesian crazy rich prisoner on social media: A multimodal discourse analysis. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 30(3), 3342–3370.

M.Keb, H., R. T. H., I. A., S. O., D. Y., D. A., I. I., L. F. S. P., N. A. S., E. H., S., & D. Y. (2023). Psikologi perkembangan remaja. CV Eureka Media Aksara.

M.Pd, R. J. (2026). Fase-fase krusial dalam transformasi identitas dalam konteks pengembangan individu dan identitas. Baca Disini Media Internasional.

Nee, R. C., & Santana, A. D. (2022). Podcasting the pandemic: Exploring storytelling formats and shifting journalistic norms in news podcasts related to the coronavirus. Journalism Practice, 16(8), 1559–1577. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2021.1882874

Panjaitan, D. R. (2025). Baptisan menurut Injil Yohanes dan dalam tradisi Batak Toba. Diegesis: Jurnal Teologi, 10(2), 121–135. https://doi.org/10.46933/DGS.vol10i2121-135

Parveen, A., Ganie, A. N., Bashir, F., & Zimik, P. (2025). Factors influencing self-confidence among adolescents and children across the globe: A systematic review. Discover Education, 4(1), 579. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44217-025-00545-z

Sakinah, D., Habibi, M., & Miftahurrahmi, M. (2024). Penerimaan diri, kepercayaan diri, dan harga diri terhadap kesejahteraan emosional. Motiva: Jurnal Psikologi, 7(1), 62–72. https://doi.org/10.31293/mv.v7i1.7524

Siadari, H., & Tarigan, N. (2026). Integrasi pendidikan agama Kristen dalam pembentukan ketahanan iman remaja: Kajian literatur dalam konteks krisis identitas. Charistheo: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen, 5(2), 223–244. https://doi.org/10.54592/jct.v5i2.324

Stankovska, G., Memedi, I., & Nuhii, N. (2023). Relationship between bulimia nervosa and psychological problems in period of adolescence. In Eating disorders (pp. 723–745). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16691-4_40

Tampubolon, T. M., & Ariswandy, D. (2025). Pengaruh motivasi dan kepercayaan diri terhadap kinerja majelis gereja HKBP Metro. Jurnal Multidisiplin Dehasen (MUDE), 4(2), 239–248. https://doi.org/10.37676/mude.v4i2.8017

Taufan, D. A. (2025). Makna simbol salib dalam agama Katholik dan Protestan (Studi kasus di Gereja Katedral Kristus Raja Tanjung Karang dan Gereja Kristus Tritunggal Teluk Betung) [Diploma thesis, UIN Raden Intan Lampung]. UIN Raden Intan Repository. https://repository.radenintan.ac.id/41877/

Wibowo, A. S., Qodri, A. F., & Ridha, A. R. (2025). Jenis-jenis skala sikap: Pengukuran opini dan persepsi. JIPDAS (Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar), 3(3), 61–65. https://doi.org/10.65946/fc4ca582

Zuhroh, K., & Kurniawati, Y. (2026). Peningkatan kesejahteraan psikologis dan distres psikologis pada emerging adulthood melalui edukasi kesehatan mental dan pelatihan koping adaptif. Jurnal Medika: Medika, 5(1), 935–941. https://doi.org/10.31004/z1n2bb84

Published

2026-05-15

How to Cite

Manurung, H., Paat, D. D., Kase, C. C., & Hado, P. (2026). Quantitative Study: Understanding Identity in Christ (Galatians 3:26–28) and Self-Confidence among Late Adolescents. Jurnal Pendidikan Terapan, 4(2), 277–288. https://doi.org/10.61255/jupiter.v4i2.1124

Issue

Section

Articles