The Role of Informal Entrepreneurship Education in Cultivating the Entrepreneurial Spirit and Economic Independence of the Young Generation

Nurhayani Nurhayani; Sumiati Tahir; Hasisa Haruna; Nurwahida Nurwahida; Hardiyanti Ridwan

doi:10.61255/jeemba.v4i1.1300

Authors

Nurhayani Universitas Negeri Makassar, Indonesia
Sumiati Tahir Universitas Negeri Makassar, Indonesia
Hasisa Haruna Universitas Negeri Makassar, Indonesia
Nurwahida Universitas Islam Ahmad Dahlan, Indonesia
Hardiyanti Ridwan Universitas Islam Ahmad Dahlan, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61255/jeemba.v4i1.1300

Keywords:

Informal Entrepreneurship Education, Entrepreneurial Spirit, Economic Independence, Entrepreneurial Character

Abstract

Purpose: This study examines the role of informal entrepreneurship education in fostering entrepreneurial spirit and economic independence among young people. The topic is important because entrepreneurial values are not only developed through formal education but also shaped through family, community, and everyday life experiences.

Design/methodology/approach: This study uses a library research approach by reviewing relevant literature on entrepreneurship education, informal learning, and entrepreneurial character development. The analysis focuses on how informal educational settings contribute to the formation of entrepreneurial values and independent economic behavior among the younger generation.

Findings/Results: The findings show that informal entrepreneurship education has an important role in developing entrepreneurial characteristics such as creativity, risk-taking, adaptability, independence, and responsibility. Family and community environments function as effective spaces for introducing and strengthening entrepreneurial values from an early age.

Originality/Value: This study highlights the strategic contribution of informal entrepreneurship education in shaping entrepreneurial spirit and economic independence among young people. The findings imply that stronger collaboration between families, communities, and educational institutions is needed to create a generation that is more independent and entrepreneurial.

Abstract views: 39 ,

PDF downloads: 11

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211.https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T

Alma, B. (2019). Entrepreneurship for students and the general public. Alfabeta.

Ampa, A.T., Arfah, A., & Abdullah, M. (2025). The contribution of informal economic education and financial literacy to the economic independence of women in MSMEs moderated by family support. Edunomic Journal of Economic Education, 13(1), 45–60.

Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Prentice-Hall.

Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. WH Freeman.

Banha, F., Coelho, A., & Flores, E. (2022). Entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial competencies: A systematic literature review. Education Sciences, 12(11), 787.https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12110787

Central Bureau of Statistics. (2024). Indonesian youth statistics 2024. Central Bureau of Statistics.

Central Statistics Agency. (2024). Results of macroeconomic data calculations for micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in 2024. Central Statistics Agency.

Makassar City Central Statistics Agency. (2024). Makassar City in figures 2024. Makassar City Central Statistics Agency.

Fayolle, A., & Gailly, B. (2015). The impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial attitudes and intentions. Journal of Small Business Management, 53(1), 75–93.https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12065

Gartner, W. B. (1988). “Who is an entrepreneur?” Is the wrong question. American Journal of Small Business, 12(4), 11–32.

Hair, J.F., Hult, G.T.M., Ringle, C.M., & Sarstedt, M. (2022). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) (3rd ed.). Sage Publications.

Hisrich, R.D., Peters, M.P., & Shepherd, D.A. (2020). Entrepreneurship (11th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.

Hussain, A., Salia, S., & Karim, A. (2018). Is knowledge that powerful? Financial literacy and access to finance. Global Finance Journal, 37, 1–13.

Krueger, N. F., Reilly, M. D., & Carsrud, A. L. (2000). Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Venturing, 15(5–6), 411–432.

Lans, T., Block, V., & Wesselink, R. (2014). Learning apart and together: Towards an integrated competency framework for sustainable entrepreneurship. Journal of Cleaner Production, 62, 37–47.

Morris, M. H., Kuratko, D. F., & Cornwall, J. R. (2013). Entrepreneurship programs and the modern university. Edward Elgar Publishing.

Neck, H.M., Greene, P.G., & Brush, C.G. (2014). Teaching entrepreneurship: A practice-based approach. Edward Elgar Publishing.

Nooh, N. M. (2022). Entrepreneurial mindset and entrepreneurship development among youth. Voice of Academia, 18(2), 25–38.

Nurhayani, Arfah, A., & Hidayat, M. (2025). Bridging informal learning and sustainable development: The mediating role of entrepreneurial mindset in shaping SDG-oriented entrepreneurial intention. Indonesian Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship Research, 3(1), 1–18.

Nurhayani, Hidayat, M., & Arfah, A. (2024). Digital-based informal entrepreneurship education: Transforming social media into a business learning space. Journal of Economic Education and Entrepreneurship Studies, 5(2), 85–99.

Gem, R., & Veri, A. (2025). Entrepreneurial mindset among youth: A systematic literature review. International Multidisciplinary Entrepreneurship and Innovation Journal, 4(1), 55–72.

Rae, D. (2005). Entrepreneurial learning: A narrative-based conceptual model. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 12(3), 323–335.

Sanchez, J. C. (2013). The impact of an entrepreneurship education program on entrepreneurial competencies and intention. Journal of Small Business Management, 51(3), 447–465.

Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Hair, J. F. (2021). Partial least squares structural equation modeling. In C. Homburg et al. (Eds.), Handbook of Market Research (pp. 1–47). Springer.

Schumpeter, J. A. (1934). The theory of economic development. Harvard University Press.

Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2021). Research methods for business: A skill-building approach (8th ed.). Wiley.

Suryana. (2018). Entrepreneurship: Practical guidelines, tips, and processes for success. Salemba Empat.

UNESCO. (2021). Reimagining our futures together: A new social contract for education. UNESCO Publishing.

Xanthopoulou, P., & Sahinidis, A.G. (2024). Entrepreneurship and economic sustainability: A review of contemporary perspectives. Administrative Sciences, 14(5), 98.https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci14050098

Zarea, H., & Obschonka, M. (2026). Entrepreneurial education and entrepreneurial mindset development among young people: A systematic review. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 22(1), 1–25.

Zimmerer, T. W., Scarborough, N. M., & Wilson, D. (2019). Essentials of entrepreneurship and small business management (9th ed.). Pearson Education.

Zhao, H., Seibert, S. E., & Hills, G. E. (2005). The mediating role of self-efficacy in the development of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(6), 1265–1272.